Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

J sub D's picture

Since so many feel so strongly about the issue, why not give it a thred? To recap -

bzial wrote:
Ali wrote:

Aside from our often heated debates, the sense of community and friendship on these forums here is just wonderful (ehem, sometimes ;-) )

HOW DARE YOU SAY THAT. I WILL KILL YOU, YOUR PETS, AND YOUR PLANTS.

Stevo Darkly wrote:
While that would have been funnier when it was completely unexpected and spontaneous, it was not bad.

I'M GETTING A LITTLE TIRED OF YOUR PLANT-HATING MISBOTANY.

Now someone has to come back with I'M GETTING A LITTLE TIRED OF YOUR CONSTANT ACCUSATIONS OF PLANT-HATING MISBOTANY ON EVERY THREAD and it's on.

J sub D wrote:
Stevo wrote:
I'M GETTING A LITTLE TIRED OF YOUR PLANT-HATING MISBOTANY.

I, on the other hand, have no problems with misbotany. Fuckin' plants growing anywhere they goddam please. In sidewalk cracks, up the sides of university buildings, beneath my toenails. What this country needs a good dose of

All of you chloroplast sympathizers can kiss my ass!

Ali wrote:
Plants are the hardest thing to keep alive. The only plant that I had and never died (though, that's not exactly accurate either) is the cactus in my office. I am proud of myself for being able to keep that one alive.

If you don't feed a cat, on the other hand, it will eventually be able to figure something out --possibly eat you.

Aresen wrote:
Well, I'm on the PPS* blacklist.

*Plant Protection Society

(Or is that their brownlist?)

Jake wrote:
J sub D wrote:
I, on the other hand, have no problems with misbotany. Fuckin' plants growing anywhere they goddam please. In sidewalk cracks, up the sides of university buildings, beneath my toenails.

Not to go all Godwin on you, but Hitler pulled weeds in his garden. NAZI!

Stevo Darkly wrote:
I stepped out for dinner and it struck me how pervasive misbotany is in our society. It's everywhere -- from the dead trees that we make our buildings and furniture out of, to the dead leaves in our salad bars. It's like we as a society just glorify violence against plants.

Especially men. Surely you've noticed this. There's nothing a group of men like better than to burn a bunch of logs. Or chop down a tree and feed it into a wood chipper.

This is not to be construed as a personal attack against anyone. I know that one of our group used to work as a chipper, to earn money for college. Look, I have no problem with you because you once worked as a chipper. But if people have to do that, do it on the other side of town. I just don't like to see it constantly waved in my face.

Ali wrote:
Stevo Darkly wrote:
But if people have to do that, do it on the other side of town. I just don't like to see it constantly waved in my face.

Sorry, Stevo, but I live on the other side of town. S/he should stick to your side.


D.A. Ridgely wrote:
Stevo Darkly wrote:
I stepped out for dinner and it struck me how pervasive misbotany is in our society. It's everywhere -- from the dead trees that we make our buildings and furniture out of, to the dead leaves in our salad bars. It's like we as a society just glorify violence against plants.

Especially men. Surely you've noticed this. There's nothing a group of men like better than to burn a bunch of logs. Or chop down a tree and feed it into a wood chipper.

This is not to be construed as a personal attack against anyone. I know that one of our group used to work as a chipper, to earn money for college. Look, I have no problem with you because you once worked as a chipper. But if people have to do that, do it on the other side of town. I just don't like to see it constantly waved in my face.


I'm pretty sure that after Stevo's last comment posting this is almost obligatory:


Stevo Darkly wrote:
I really wish I could access YouTube.

EDIT: But taking a wild guess, did DAR post a scene from the movie Fargo, perhance?


D.A. Ridgely wrote:
FARGO came to mind, but I doubted I could get the relevant clip, so I went with Monty Python. Stevo, I don't understand. Is there some court order prohibiting you from gaining access to YouTube or is your internet access limited to the workplace?

__________________

The sun is barely up and the streets are already filled with drunken Scots. That can't be good. - mk

Sandy's picture

73

Clearly the problem here is one of lack of property rights. If only plants in highway medians, that little strip between the sidewalk and the road, and national forests were privatized and sold to the highest bidder, any of you socialists who want a bunch of plants around to produce oxygen could simply buy enough of them. All others should be harvested and burned by some sort of federally-subsidized corporation or other to fuel machines to crush Priuses.

__________________

This is a personal problem. There are very few personal problems that cannot be solved through a suitable use of high explosives. This is not one of those exceptions.

Warren's picture

Re: Misbotany.

So what you're saying is, before we can rid ourselves of the tree-hugger menace, we have to first get rid of all the trees.

__________________

seriously though, i think you're crazy on this. and you think i'm crazy. everybody wins! - dhex

J sub D's picture

Re: Misbotany. The result of kingdomism or a battle for

Let's face it. It's a battle for suvival. Plants hate us for our freedom of mobility. Just because the Plantae kingdom is older some believe that we should respect and revere its members. These pacifist hippie types completely ignore the long term anti-Animalia agenda that the plant kindom has long displayed.

While "life diversity" spouting appeasers like Stevo point to some small contribution of the UPK (United Kindom of Plants) the chlorophyll bearing enemies of all that is good and holy have been developing and deploying chemical and biological weapons. Not only for use against our natural allies in Protista, but ultimately to conquer us as well.

The CIA has documented "slam dunk evidence" of innumerable biological and chemical weapons production sites that are hidden in forests and fields, using innocent species as plant shields! This is a blatant violation of the Geneva convention and yet some fools believe that we can "negotiate" our way out of it. They would wait until more major world cities like this one and others to numerous to list here are conquered by the sunlight devouring weeds.

Yes! I call them weeds. I know it is an ugly word not usually used in polite company, but weeds are what they are.

I have to call out Jake and Stevo on this. You are either with Animalia and our coalition allies Protista or you are against us.

__________________

The sun is barely up and the streets are already filled with drunken Scots. That can't be good. - mk

Ken Shultz's picture

Misbotany. The result of kingdomism

I like Azaleas, Rhododendron, whatever. When I was a kid, we used to go to the National Arboretum...

...but I hate, hate, hate Butternut Squash. ...and everyone who likes it too!

dead_elvis's picture

Re: Misbotany. The result of kingdomism or a battle for animal

I know the plants are conspiring against me. How? Because anything I *try* to grow in the yard dies, and everything else that I *don't* want to grow grows like... uh... weeds. The grass, it grows absolutely everywhere *except* in the lawn area. It's a conspiracy I tells ya!

__________________

"They civilize left, They civilize right
Till nothing is left, Till nothing is right"

Ken Shultz's picture

Re: Misbotany.

Aren't viruses like a plant? It's the cell wall right?

It's their very plant-likeness that makes them such awful creatures, isn't it?

J sub D's picture

Re: Misbotany.

Ken Shultz wrote:
Aren't viruses like a plant? It's the cell wall right?

It's their very plant-likeness that makes them such awful creatures, isn't it?

Since they don't contain chlorophyll I'd say no. I can say that cyanobacteria are basically prokaryotic (lacking a cell nucleus) plants. Don't we have a resident biologist here? I'm trying to learn basic taxonomy for fun and viruses just don't seem to fit into the five kingdom model.

Hell, I'm not even sure if viruses are considered life by the biology community.

__________________

The sun is barely up and the streets are already filled with drunken Scots. That can't be good. - mk

D.A. Ridgely's picture

Re: Misbotany

Viruses are alive on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, not alive the rest of the week. It's like the photon particle / wave thingie.

The plant kingdom is divided into (1) plants we like, (2) weeds. As it is with people, there are vastly more weeds than plants we like.

Plants may satisfy Lockean conditions for property rights insofar as they clearly do mix their labor, such as it is, with the ground about them. I submit this as yet another reason we should abandon the notion of natural property rights.

PETA, etc. is merely prejudiced in favor of life forms with complicated neural systems. The fact that a plant cannot feel pain does not mean a plant does not, pace Peter Singer, have interests. This is simply one more reason Singer is a hypocrite and should alternatively be laughed at and scorned in public.

OTOH, plants are notoriously carbon-based life forms and contribute to global warming. Al Gore needs to do something about this.

__________________

"love is like porn, you know" -- Ali

Warren's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Quote:
OTOH, plants are notoriously carbon-based life forms and contribute to global warming. Al Gore needs to do something about this.

I believe that by removing carbon from the atmosphere they actually combat global warming. Until some fool goes and burns or digests it that is.

__________________

seriously though, i think you're crazy on this. and you think i'm crazy. everybody wins! - dhex

bzial's picture

Re: Misbotany.

J sub D wrote:
Ken Shultz wrote:
Aren't viruses like a plant? It's the cell wall right?

It's their very plant-likeness that makes them such awful creatures, isn't it?

Since they don't contain chlorophyll I'd say no. I can say that cyanobacteria are basically prokaryotic (lacking a cell nucleus) plants. Don't we have a resident biologist here? I'm trying to learn basic taxonomy for fun and viruses just don't seem to fit into the five kingdom model.

Hell, I'm not even sure if viruses are considered life by the biology community.

Plants are nothing like viruses. They aren't even remotely close on a biochemical or metabolic level. Viruses are bad because they invade and hijack the cellular machinery of other cells to reproduce. Viruses are quasi-alive protein coats with a bit of nucleic acids. Plants (even the tiny ones) are complex multi-cellular eukayrotic organisms with distinct organelles, autonomous replication, et cetera.

Honestly, Viruses are about as far from plants as two things can get. A human is closer to a plant than a virus is.

And saying that cyanobacteria are just plants lacking a nucleus is misleading and just not that correct. That is basically like saying that say a proteobacteria is basically just an animal lacking a nucleus and judging the entire organism by its mitochondria.

It completely ignores the radical differences in biochemistry, metabolism, resource requirements, cellular and subcelluar structure, et cetera.

Now there is a relationship in the sense that chloroplasts in plants are likely the results of cyanobacterialesque ancient bacteria ending up in an endosymbiotic relationship with a primitive archaean or other eukayrote. EDIT: Note that even with that plants still have a lot of structures and biochemical differences from cyanobacteria even if they share the general trait of photosynthesis in common (and their photosynthesis systems are different in many ways), the differences are as fundamental as some of the ways transcription and translation are handled.

EDITED FOR CLARITY

EDIT #2: One thing I do want to drive home is that the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is a lot more complicated than one having a true nucleus and the other not.

__________________


"ps not an lp member so stop beating that drum. the drum is tired and wants to go home now, to the family that loves it. i haven’t even mentioned PRECIOUS PRECIOUS GOLD or ferrets or anything." - dhex

J sub D's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

bzial wrote:
A whole lot of neat stuff that was interesting and surpisingly understandable.

Ask and you shall receive. Thanks.

__________________

The sun is barely up and the streets are already filled with drunken Scots. That can't be good. - mk

bzial's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

I'm always happy to answer any biology questions though my specialties are microbiology and molecular biology so I'm weak in big critter stuff like anatomy, neurology, et cetera. :(

__________________


"ps not an lp member so stop beating that drum. the drum is tired and wants to go home now, to the family that loves it. i haven’t even mentioned PRECIOUS PRECIOUS GOLD or ferrets or anything." - dhex

Ali's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

I was deep into enemy territory today. I drove through the White Mountains today.

Actually, I am just kidding. I do love forests, (green) nature and the outdoors. Today was particularly nice (with some light rain, which always gives a nice effect). I could already see early Fall foliage in Northern NH, VT and QC.

__________________

Ignore D. A. Ridgely's sig. Here is what Ali really said: "love is like porn, you know it when you see feel it"

bzial's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Always watching us...sitting in our lawns and gardens waiting...waiting....waiting.

__________________


"ps not an lp member so stop beating that drum. the drum is tired and wants to go home now, to the family that loves it. i haven’t even mentioned PRECIOUS PRECIOUS GOLD or ferrets or anything." - dhex

J sub D's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Back on topic. Vegetation is evil. It grows, dries out, catches fire and burns down whole neighborhoods. These recurring "brush fires" and "forest fires" also kill numerous other members of Animalia. This barbaric tactic of using "suicide arson" is deplorable. These are tactics that the all civilized life kingdoms unanimously deplore.

__________________

The sun is barely up and the streets are already filled with drunken Scots. That can't be good. - mk

Ken Shultz's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Okay, Okay! So viruses aren't like plants.

Except that they have cell walls, right? ...and it's the cell wall thing, the thing that makes 'em kinda like plants, that makes them harder to deal with than bacteria, am I wrong? It's the plant likeness! ...it was just supposed to another example of a good reason to hate plants and things like them!

Oh. And I like mold. The kind that makes cheese. I was gonna say I like yeast too, but I think that's a fungus. ...so it's cheese molds and Azaleas for me, but the rest of the Plant Kingdom can all go straight to hell! ...and all their friends too.

...especially the Butternut Squash Apologists!

Ali's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

J sub D wrote:
Back on topic. Vegetation is evil. It grows, dries out, catches fire and burns down whole neighborhoods. These recurring "brush fires" and "forest fires" also kill numerous other members of Animalia. This barbaric tactic of using "suicide arson" is deplorable. These are tactics that the all civilized life kingdoms unanimously deplore.

They treated me well today when I was among them. And this vegetation up north, man, they are BIG and BAD. Just HUGE and everywhere. Still, being one of the enemy, they treated me well.

__________________

Ignore D. A. Ridgely's sig. Here is what Ali really said: "love is like porn, you know it when you see feel it"

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

viruses don't have cell walls, because viral units aren't cells. viral particles are composed of nucleic acid (can be DNA or RNA, single-stranded or double-stranded) and a protein coat (the capsid). some are additionally covered by an envelope usually derived from the host cell's membrane.

cell walls in plants aren't proteinaceous, they are carbohydrate, mostly cellulose and cellulose derivatives.

cell walls in bacteria are variable, but are also mostly carbohydrate, sometimes cross-linked with amino acids, which are the component molecules of proteins. some bacteria lack cell walls.

viruses are hard to treat relative to bacteria because viruses don't have their own cellular metabolism and machinery, they hijack the cells of the host (they are obligate intracellular parasites). in order to treat viruses, you have to attack your own cells, but we don't have a good way to target only virus-infected cells at the moment. analogous to cancer treatments, since cancer is abnormal growth of one's own cells.

drug therapy to treat infectious agents (properly known as chemotherapy) relies on the principle of selective toxicity: the chemical should be more toxic to the infectious agent than to the host. penicillin-class drugs (beta-lactams) interfere with the ability of bacterial cells to synthesize peptidoglycan, a cell wall component. animals cells lack peptidoglycan, and in fact lack cell walls, therefore are unaffected by that class of compounds.

molds and yeasts are both fungi. mold is used to refer to multicellular fungi, while yeasts refer to unicellular fungi. some species can grow as yeasts, but shift to a mold growth form. the Y-M shift is associated with the onset of pathogenicity in Candida albicans, the causative agent of yeast vaginitis and thrush. fungi are difficult to treat chemotherapeutically because their cellular machinery is very similar to that of animals, thus making selective toxicity difficult to accomplish.

cyanobacteria are like plants in their ecological role: they are photoautotrophs, using light energy to "fix" carbon from carbon dioxide into organic compounds. both plants and cyanobacteria also perform the opposite reactions, like animals do, namely respiration, breaking down (oxidizing) organic compounds to carbon dioxide to release usable energy. Their net effect is to fix more carbon than they release, though. some cyanobacteria, unlike plants, also fix nitrogen, meaning they perform a series of chemical reactions to convert molecular diatomic nitrogen from the atmosphere to ammonia, a form usable by plants. certain other bacteria do this as well, especially Rhizobium leguminosarum, a soil eubacterium which forms symbiotic relations with legume plants, like peas and beans. plant photosynthesis is based on cyanobacterial photosynthesis, since chloroplasts are derived from cyanobacterial ancestors.

the five-kingdom system is dead. long live the three domain system!

Ken Shultz's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Okay, so now can you explain why Butternut Squash tastes so bad and why we should tolerate a) people who eat it and b) people who serve it?

D.A. Ridgely's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Quote:
viruses don't have cell walls, because viral units aren't cells. viral particles are composed of nucleic acid (can be DNA or RNA, single-stranded or double-stranded) and a protein coat (the capsid). some are additionally covered by an envelope usually derived from the host cell's membrane

Other fun facts: Some are milk chocolate, some are dark chocolate and all have MM printed on their capsid and melt in your mouth, not in your hand.

__________________

"love is like porn, you know" -- Ali

Stevo Darkly's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Catching up late ...

D.A. Ridgely wrote:
FARGO came to mind, but I doubted I could get the relevant clip, so I went with Monty Python. Stevo, I don't understand. Is there some court order prohibiting you from gaining access to YouTube or is your internet access limited to the workplace?

I only have Internet access at work at this time. Due to lack of time, which is only partly caused by hanging out too much on said Internets, my living quarters are quite neglected at the moment. In fact, they are getting kind of Unabombery.

bzial wrote:
Plants (even the tiny ones) are complex multi-cellular eukayrotic organisms with distinct organelles, autonomous replication, et cetera.

I wish I could find a woman who would talk to me like this.

I found one once, a research biologist -- but she was married to one of my co-workers. At happy hours, we would talk about the behavior of slime molds. (One of her specialties.) She was cute, too. Sighhh.

bzial wrote:
And saying that cyanobacteria are just plants lacking a nucleus is misleading and just not that correct. That is basically like saying that say a proteobacteria is basically just an animal lacking a nucleus and judging the entire organism by its mitochondria.

I have a dream. A dream that someday, organisms will be judged, not by their mitochondria, but by the content of their nuclei.

the innominate one wrote:
molds and yeasts are both fungi. mold is used to refer to multicellular fungi, while yeasts refer to unicellular fungi. some species can grow as yeasts, but shift to a mold growth form. the Y-M shift is associated with the onset of pathogenicity in Candida albicans, the causative agent of yeast vaginitis and thrush. fungi are difficult to treat chemotherapeutically because their cellular machinery is very similar to that of animals, thus making selective toxicity difficult to accomplish.

I knew this thread could only get hotter. Sooner or later someone would mention vaginas.

__________________

"My intellect is gigantic, monstrous, terrifying."

Ali's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Someone already did, Stevo.

__________________

Ignore D. A. Ridgely's sig. Here is what Ali really said: "love is like porn, you know it when you see feel it"

Stevo Darkly's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Oh I know, that is what I meant:

Stevo Darkly wrote:
the innominate one wrote:
molds and yeasts are both fungi. mold is used to refer to multicellular fungi, while yeasts refer to unicellular fungi. some species can grow as yeasts, but shift to a mold growth form. the Y-M shift is associated with the onset of pathogenicity in Candida albicans, the causative agent of yeast vaginitis and thrush. fungi are difficult to treat chemotherapeutically because their cellular machinery is very similar to that of animals, thus making selective toxicity difficult to accomplish.

I knew this thread could only get hotter. Sooner or later someone would mention vaginas.

See, I used the past tense?

(Unless you meant someone already did, earlier than that -- in which case I apologize for misunderstanding.)

__________________

"My intellect is gigantic, monstrous, terrifying."

Ali's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

haha, I hadn't noticed the vaginitas reference. I was referring to your mentioning of the word. I.e., you already did. :-) never mind.

__________________

Ignore D. A. Ridgely's sig. Here is what Ali really said: "love is like porn, you know it when you see feel it"

bzial's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Ken Shultz wrote:
Okay, so now can you explain why Butternut Squash tastes so bad and why we should tolerate a) people who eat it and b) people who serve it?

I think we tolerate it as some sort of balance of terror situation.

__________________


"ps not an lp member so stop beating that drum. the drum is tired and wants to go home now, to the family that loves it. i haven’t even mentioned PRECIOUS PRECIOUS GOLD or ferrets or anything." - dhex

Stevo Darkly's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Wait, isn't butternut squash the one that tastes sorta like pumpkin, but less sweet and more savory? I like that one.

__________________

"My intellect is gigantic, monstrous, terrifying."

Ken Shultz's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Say it ain't so, Stevo!

Take it back NOW!

Stevo Darkly's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Have I ever mentioned that I also like Brussels sprouts?

__________________

"My intellect is gigantic, monstrous, terrifying."

bzial's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

PLANT WORSHIPING DEATH CULTIST!

__________________


"ps not an lp member so stop beating that drum. the drum is tired and wants to go home now, to the family that loves it. i haven’t even mentioned PRECIOUS PRECIOUS GOLD or ferrets or anything." - dhex

dead_elvis's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Quote:
Wait, isn't butternut squash the one that tastes sorta like pumpkin, but less sweet and more savory?

I'm not big on how different species of squash compare, but when I was a kid my mom would occasionally make squash "spaghetti." It looked just like a baked spaghetti. Nothing sucks more than being a kid, looking forward to spaghetti, and instead getting a mouthful of squash. That was evil.

I think a good time would be to agent-orange some squash patches. With Ride of the Valkyries playing real loud. That would feel good.

__________________

"They civilize left, They civilize right
Till nothing is left, Till nothing is right"

Jennifer's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Stevo Darkly wrote:
This is not to be construed as a personal attack against anyone. I know that one of our group used to work as a chipper, to earn money for college. Look, I have no problem with you because you once worked as a chipper. But if people have to do that, do it on the other side of town. I just don't like to see it constantly waved in my face.

A nice pair of melons is not to be feared by anyone with a healthy psyche. Even a not-nice pair of melons can be easily avoided by simply bypassing the produce section.

J sub D's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

the innominate one wrote:
the five-kingdom system is dead. long live the three domain system!

Oh crap! Back to ground zero I go.

Edit to correct an extremely embarrassing screwup.

__________________

The sun is barely up and the streets are already filled with drunken Scots. That can't be good. - mk

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Stevo Darkly wrote:
Have I ever mentioned that I also like Brussels sprouts?

Now, look, Stevo. I try to be reasonable in my explanations. I even avoid threads like this one because I know this is going to come up and I know that certain of you just won't leave me alone about this. You insist on personal attacks and generalizations. I'm arguing for a nuanced position in places where the Non Initiation of Fertilizer principle just doesn't apply - like Brussels sprouts.

You can like normal plants and still think that the act of cultivating or for god's sake actually consuming Brussels sprouts should get you sent directly to gitmo. There are some things we legitimately should be worried about, and some so called "american citizen" waltzing undeterred across state lines with a suitcase full of friggin' alien brain stinky ass sprouts is one of those things.

J sub D's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

bzial and the innominate one,
I've been slowly, painfully, wading through a text "The Five Kindoms, An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth (1998 edition) by Lynn Margolis and Karlene V. Schwartz with a forward by Stephen Jay Gould". If, as the innominate one authoritatively asserts, "the five-kingdom system is dead. long live the three domain system!" could you please supply some reading recommendations* for a taxonomic tyro like myself? Or is the above good enough?

* It's just curiousity, something that has caught my fancy. I'm way too old and ossified to become a taxonomist.

__________________

The sun is barely up and the streets are already filled with drunken Scots. That can't be good. - mk

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

briefly, the three domain system breaks down like this:

Domain Bacteria: includes "eubacteria", the bacteria most people think of when you say bacteria - pathogens and quite a large number of beneficial bacteria, e.g. "staph", "strep", E. coli, the aforementioned Rhizobium leguminosarum. also includes "cyanobacteria", formerly called "blue-green algae". all are prokaryotic cells.

Domain Archaea: all are prokaryotes, typically living in extreme environments: extremely hot, extremely salty, etc.

Domain Eukarya: all eukaryotes. at the moment, still taught as being comprised of four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia. Protista will eventually be divided into several kingdoms, possibly 11 or more. other changes will occur at the margins of groups as more information becomes available and more people accept "cladistic" reasoning for taxonomic analysis. most recent changes involve what groups belong in Protista vs. what groups belong elsewhere, since Protista isn't a "natural group" - it is not monophyletic, consisting of a common ancestor (hypothesized and extinct, often not observed, even in the fossil record) and all the descendants of the common ancestor. Animals, plants and fungi are descended from protistan ancestors, but are not included in the group Protista, making it invalid (paraphyletic instead of monophyletic because it lacks some descendant groups of the common ancestor).

If you absorb Margulis and Schwartz's book, once the details of the new system settle down, you'll be able to absorb those readily. Eventually, there will probably be something like 15-20 kingdoms. One problem is that what constitutes a kingdom and every taxonomic level other than species is subjective. For species, only sexually reproductive species can be defined objectively, and usually that is a temporary phenomenon, thanks to evolution.

Here is something I learned when I had to teach a freshman biodiversity course this summer: the former protistan group called microsporidia is now believed to belong to the Kingdom Fungi, thanks to evidence from DNA sequence data.

Also, animals, fungi and a group of protists called choanoflagellates (choano=collar) form a monophyletic group called the Opisthokonta. Eventually, this might be a subdomain or superkingdom, unless the phylocode people have their wicked way and the Linnean system is junked entirely.

J sub D's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Thank you for your trouble. I'll continue struggling with Five Kindoms then.

__________________

The sun is barely up and the streets are already filled with drunken Scots. That can't be good. - mk

Sandy's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

It was fun looking under a wet bank on Dominica and having the botanist unsure what kingdom a greenish gelatinous mass belonged in. Also saw glow worms.

Why split the prokaryotes? Why do some belong in a different domain?

__________________

This is a personal problem. There are very few personal problems that cannot be solved through a suitable use of high explosives. This is not one of those exceptions.

Mo's picture

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

the innominate one wrote:
Protista will eventually be divided into several kingdoms, possibly 11 or more. other changes will occur at the margins of groups as more information becomes available and more people accept "cladistic" reasoning for taxonomic analysis.

Splitters!

__________________

If you don't want to be arrested by the Park Police, don't go to the Jefferson Memorial.

Re: Misbotany. Kingdomism or a battle for survival?

Sandy, higher level taxonomic groups should represent more ancient divisions among lineages. bacteria and archaea, although both prokaryotic separated into distinct lineages long enough ago that they represent two of the three fundamental groups of organisms. arguably, under cladistic reasoning, Domain Archaea is paraphyletic, which is considered an inappropriate reconstruction of a group, because some of the descendants of the group, namely the Domain Eukarya, are not included within the group. the ancestral eukaryote is now thought to have been an archaean which engulfed, by phagocytosis, a proteobacterium (from the Domain Bacteria lineage). the descendants of that proteobacterium are mitochondria. the first evidence for the ancient, distinct lineages among prokaryotes was analysis of the ribosomes. archaean ribosomes and bacterial ribosomes are distinctly different, with archaean ribosomes more similar to eukaryote ribosomes.